Unit 6 Business Decision Marking - Wet FIsh Cafe

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Introduction

Business decision is considered to be very important for effectively running the business in proper manner. Both small and large business undertakes effective decision for their functioning. So in this Unit 6 Business Decision Making Assignment Wet Fish Café is considered for the various scenario by the use of statistical tools and chart. It is the accurate decision which is responsible for the smooth working of an organization. The Wet Fish Café is a medium sized coffee shop in the West Hampstead in north-west London. The café is famous for Americano. This is a strong and rich coffee but not bitter. Since there has been an increasing trend among the people regarding the coffee drinking, so the management of the organization has decided to launch a new coffee drink for their customers. For launching a new drink, the organization need to conduct a research in order to understand the taste, likings, preferences and attitude of the customers. This will help them to grasp an idea about the market size and structure. All these elements are very essential to make proper decision regarding launching a new product in the market. All these information can be gathered by the conducting a research.  The information will be gathered in the form of primary and secondary data which will have to be analyzed using several techniques. The analysis of the data is essential as it help the  business management  to undertake proper decision.

Task 1

LO1: A

Primary and Secondary Data

The collection of primary data is very essential in order to conduct a research. Primary data can be defined as the data which are gathered for the first time and so are in crude form. The primary data is acquired by the researcher himself with his strong effort(Burch, 1997). The collection of primary data can be lengthy procedure because it requires the preparation of a questionnaire and choosing proper sample frame. However, the collection of primary data is very essential because they help to acquire highly relevant data for the purpose of designing marketing strategy and undertaking effective decision.

The advantages of primary data are as follows:

• The data which is collected in the process of primary research is up-to-date. Thus primary data is considered to be a more effective instrument for decision making.   
• The collection of primary data helps to address the desired and targeted issues. The research for gathering primary data is streamlined as far as its purpose and scope is associated.
• The person who collects the primary data is the owner of that particular data and he need not share it with others and can keep it confidential (Vogt, 2010).
• The primary data can be interpreted in a more effective way. The data can be scrutinized and interpreted by the marketer based on their requirements.

Along with its several advantages, primary data also possess several disadvantages which are as follows:

• The collection of primary requires much time.
• Collection of primary data also is expensive.
• The primary data will lose its validity with the passage of time. 

          Figure.1: Advantages and Disadvantages of Primary Data

The primary data can be gathered from the following sources:

• Direct Personal observation
• Indirect oral interview
• Survey
• Experiments
• Focus groups

In the current scenario, the management of Wet Fish Café can conduct the primary research by organizing a survey on the selected population in West Hampstead. But, for organizing the survey, the management needs to prepare a survey methodology and choose a sample frame.

Survey Methodology and Sample frame

Survey can be defined as the process of carrying out an extensive research for the purpose of acquiring a wide range of response from the people. Survey methodology is the study of the sources that will create an adverse effect on the quality of the data collected in the survey. Thus, survey methodology highlights the guidelines and principles for planning, collecting, processing and analyzing the data. In order to conduct the survey in a very effective and efficient method and prevent any kind of bias of bias, a questionnaire has to be prepared. The questionnaire will consist of all the important questions that will be relevant to the purpose for which the survey is being carried out. For this reason, the management of Wet Fish Café has decided to conduct the survey by preparing a questionnaire(Lepkowski, 2008).  They will be using the questionnaire because of the following advantages:

• Questionnaire helps to gather standardized response and thus it is objective
• The responses obtained from the questions are highly structured and easily coded
• They also help to gather a wide range of response

However, there are certain negative aspects of questionnaire which are as follows:

• Open-ended questions can produce large amount of data which can time for processing
• It cannot explain the context and meaning behind a response

After preparing the questionnaire, the management of Wet Fish Café need choose a proper sample frame on which the research will be conducted. A sampling frame refers to the complete lists of all the individuals of the population on which the survey will be done(Leeuw, Hox and Dillman, 2008). The sampling frame helps to identify the sample population for the statistical treatment. The sampling frame is done because of the following advantages:

• They are very accurate
• Very reliable
• Consumes less time
• Economic system in business nature

The disadvantages of sampling frame are as follows:

• Inadequacy of the samples
• Chances of bias
• Unstrained manpower
• Possibility of errors in sampling 

In order to choose a sample frame it is very important to study the population.

                Figure.2: Sample Frame

The sampling can be done as simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, multistage sampling and quota sampling. In the given project, the management can conduct the survey in simple random sampling method on 100 people. The survey will be conducted inside the Wet Fish Cafe where all the people aged 14 and above will be allowed to present their view(Leeuw, Hox and Dillman, 2008).

Questionnaire: The management of Wet Fish Café can prepare the questionnaire which is mentioned below:

1. Gender:

• Male
• Female

2. Age group:

• 14-23
• 24-33
• 34-43
• 44 and above

3. How often do you drink coffee?

• Regularly
• Weekly
• Rarely

4. What kind of coffee do you prefer?

• Hot
• Cold

5. Which item of coffee do you like the most?

• Americano
• Espresso
• Cappuccino
• Caffe Latte

6. How much you spend on coffee every month in (£)?

• 11-20
• 21-30
• 31-40
• 41 and above

7. When you choose your coffee which factor you consider the most? (1-3 3 being most important)

8. Do you have brand fascination?

• Yes
• No

9. Do you like to have a new type of coffee?

• Yes
• No

10. Would you like to taste any of the following?

• Caf au Lait
• Caf Mocha
• Caramel Machiato
• Other: Specify

LO1: B

The collection of secondary data is also very essential in order to conduct the research in a very effective manner. The data which is gathered from already published source is called the secondary data (Ramavataram, 1996). The secondary data helps to make the collection of the primary data more efficient, accurate and precise. The advantages of secondary data are as follows:

• The collection of secondary requires less money and the procedure is quicker
• There are huge range of sources for secondary data collection
• The secondary data helps to delve deeply into the current trends

The disadvantages of the secondary data are as follows:

• There is a possibility that the secondary is outdated
• They can also be inappropriate
• The other rival companies can also possess the same data 

Figure.3: Advantages and Disadvantages of Secondary Data

The secondary data can be gathered from magazines, books, newspaper, journals, internet and government. The organization’s reports of sales, income, expenditure, and customers served and customers satisfied can also acts as a source of secondary data(Ramavataram, 1996). In the given scenario, the organization can review their records of sales and expenditure in order to know their current position. They can also explore the internet in order to derive idea about the different types of coffee that can be launched in order to attract the customers. The management of Wet Fish Café got the following mentioned secondary data:

Task 2

Lo 2

Analysis of Data

The questionnaire has been to conduct the survey and collect primary data. The survey was conducted on 100 people in whom there were 35 male and the 65 female. The survey showed that majority of the people who comes to drink coffee are within the age group of 14-23 followed by the age group 24-33. The majority of the sample population drinks coffee regularly. The survey also revealed that 90% of the population preferred hot coffee. When the sample population was asked in the survey that what kind of coffee they preferred, 52% of the sample population mentioned that they prefer Americano which clearly highlights the popularity of their coffee drink. The management of Wet Fish also found out the majority people spends about £21-£45 in their coffee shop in a month(Call for papers computational statistics & data analysis, 1998).  When the sample population was asked what factor they consider while selecting coffee, maximum people put stress on quality followed by price and taste. 65% of the sample population said that they preferred brand while selecting coffee and the rest 35% said that they do not prefer brand while choosing a coffee.

The sample population was also asked if they like to have a new type of coffee, 98% of the population said that they will like to have new coffee and the rest said that they do not. The sample population was also asked that kind of coffee they would like to test. Majority of the sample frame gave their preference for Caf Mocha. The secondary data has also been collected for the sales and advertisement expenditure of the coffee shop. The advertisement expenditure from the year 2009-2013 is quite less as compared to the sales of Americano in Wet Fish Café.

Techniques used for data analysis

Average: Arithmetic Average is being used for the proper analysis of data. They help to identify the in which the store cluster in a set of data. There are basically three types of data which are as follows:

• Mean: Mean is the average of all the numbers present in a set of data. It is calculated by the finding the sum of all the numbers and then dividing it with the total number of scores.
• Median: Median can be defined as the number which lies in the middle in a set of data.
• Mode: Mode is the number which appears most frequently in a set of data.

Measures of Dispersion: Measures of dispersion are utilized in the business for the purpose of deriving an idea regarding the degree of dispersion or variation. The measures of dispersion are very essential for undertaking proper business decision (McClave, Dietrich and Sincich, 1997).

• Range: Range is the difference between the highest and the lowest value in a set of data.
• Standard Deviation: Standarddeviation is the square root of the variation. It takes into account all the variables in a set of data.
• Quartiles: Quartiles help to highlight the important indicators like sales, profit, income etc. of the business organization.

The number that lies between the median and the lower half of a set of data is called first quartile. It’s also called 25th percentile. The number which lies in the middle is called the second quartile. It is also called the 50th percentile. The number which lies between the median and the upper half of a set of data is called third quartile. It is also called 50th percentile.

Correlation Coefficient: The strength and the direction of the relationship of two variables are determined by the correlation coefficient. It is a very powerful instrument for decision making by analyzing the data(McClave, Dietrich and Sincich, 1997). 

Calculation 

Advertisement Expenditure

Sales of Americano

Correlation Coefficient

The correlation coefficient is positive between the advertisement expenditure and sales. This means if the advertisement expenditure increases then the sales of the coffee will also increase.

Task 3

LO 3

1. Primary data 

In the survey, there were 65% female while the rest were male.

2.

The majority of the people who visited the coffee shop for drinking coffee are in the age group of 14-23 and 24-33. So while launching the new coffee, the management can target these two age groups.

3. Frequency of Drinking

The survey showed that most of the people drink coffee regularly.  So launching a new coffee will increase their daily sales.

4.  Types of Coffee

The above graph shows that majority of the sample frame preferred hot coffee. The management should take account of this while launching a new coffee.   

5. Kinds of Coffee

The above graph shows that Americano of the café is quite famous and this is followed by Espresso. 

6.  Expenditure

The above histogram exhibits that majority of the people spend £21-£30 per month in a coffee shop. The management has to keep this mind while launching the new coffee as it will help them to set the price of the drink(Kendall et al., 1994).

7. Rating 

The above graph shows that majority of the people gave their preference for quality as compared to the other factors. Yes, price is also an important factor for selecting their coffee. Thus, while launching the new coffee, the management should consider the quality and the price as the most important factor.

8.  Brand fascination

The above graph is showing that majority of the people has brand fascination.

9. Acceptance