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Treatment Effects of a Drug on Cognitive Functioning in Children with Mental Retardation and ADHD for questions 28 and 29
Overview
This study investigated the cognitive effects of stimulant medication in children with mental retardation and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder. This case study shows the data for the Delay of Gratification
(DOG) task. Children were given various dosages of a drug,
methylphenidate (MPH) and then completed this task as part of a larger
battery of tests. The order of doses was .”>counterbalancedso
that each dose appeared equally often in each position. For example,
six children received the lowest dose first, six received it second,
etc. The children were on each dose one week before testing.
This task, adapted from the preschool delay task of the Gordon
Diagnostic System (Gordon, 1983), measures the ability to suppress or
delay impulsive behavioral responses. Children were told that a star
would appear on the computer screen if they waited “long enough” to
press a response key. If a child responded sooner in less than four
seconds after their previous response, they did not earn a star, and the
4-second counter restarted. The DOG differentiates children with and
without ADHD of normal intelligence (e.g., Mayes et al., 2001), and is
sensitive to MPH treatment in these children (Hall & Kataria, 1992).
Questions to Answer
Does higher dosage lead to higher cognitive performance (measured by the number of correct responses to the DOG task)?
Design Issues
This is a repeated-measures design because each participant performed the task after each dosage.
Descriptions of Variables
Variable
|
Description
|
d0
|
Number of correct responses after taking a placebo
|
d15
|
Number of correct responses after taking .15 mg/kg of the drug
|
d30
|
Number of correct responses after taking .30 mg/kg of the drug
|
d60
|
Number of correct responses after taking .60 mg/kg of the drug
|
28. (AT) The dataset ADHD Treatment has four scores per subject. a.
Is the design between-subjects or within-subjects? b. Create an ANOVA
summary table.