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LEARNING OUTCOMES
· Develop an understanding of physical, technological and economic factors that determine the design and use of renewable energy systems.
· Perform an initial system design and sizing for one (or more) renewable energy systems suitable for buildings.
· Perform an in-depth design and analysis of renewable energy generation systems.
· Demonstrate the ability to present results in a structured written report.
· Demonstrate the ability to carry out internet searches for up-to-date technical information on renewable technological solutions, products and pricing.
THE BRIEF
Energy use in buildings accounts for almost 50% of UK CO2
emissions. Renewable technologies properly integrated into buildings are designed to provide clean
and high-grade energy, and reduce our dependence on fossil energy sources that
contribute to climate change. Renewable energy development provides significant
positive economic impacts and delivers deep cuts in CO2 emissions.
- This assignment is based on a
real competition called ‘CIBSE Carbon 60 Competition’. The competition
challenged entrants to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of the CIBSE
headquarters building by 60%.
- The following information is
provided in the accompanied brief file:
- Floor plans of the building
marked up with usage areas and equipment,
- Photographs of the
headquarters building,
- A site energy report
carried out under the Action Energy scheme, which includes brief
description of the following:
i. Current
occupancy and schedules,
ii. Plant
and controls,
iii. Operational
settings.
- The Action Energy site report
on the headquarters building shows that a 33% cut in emissions could be
achieved through a series of relatively straightforward measures, with a
1.5 year payback period. You are to assume that these improvements will be
implemented in the building before your study is carried out.
- The table below shows the breakdown of annual energy use
and cost, and related carbon dioxide emissions of the CIBSE headquarters
building before applying the energy efficiency measures. The energy
consumption after applying the measures will provides the new baseline
consumption, which can be enhanced by the addition of intermittent energy
supplied by renewable sources.
- You are asked to carry out a
feasibility study of possible inclusion of renewable energy technologies
into the CIBSE Headquarters building. For this you may use the help of
RETScreen interactive software tool, which will allow you to investigate
renewable energy strategies and explore different options in the design
process for proposed CIBSE-buildings. RETScreen, provided free-of-charge, can
be downloaded from: http://www.retscreen.net. However, other
methods of analysis are equally accepted.
- You are also asked to describe
the design rules which the integrated renewable energy technology should
follow to operate optimally and how the output of conventional energy
system (gas and electricity from the grids) will need to be adjusted more
often to cope with fluctuations in renewable energy output; which renewable
power sources should be used, and why? Assume that you have power storage
in this sustainable energy system (grid-connection or battery), how would
design rules change then?
7. For
annual energy consumptions of the building, and using the hybrid (conventional
and renewable) energy system design, determine:
a) The
suitable and maximum capacity of renewable energy technologies that can be incorporated
into the building loads. Renewable energy installations commonly used for
building applications include:
·
Photovoltaic solar system
·
Solar thermal system (flat plate or evacuated
tube)
·
Wind turbine system
·
Biomass heating technology (biomass boiler)
b) The
annual energy production and savings that can be achieved with intelligent use
and control of renewables and storage system,
c) The annual energy cost with renewables, overall savings in primary energy use and CO2
emissions,
d) The
optimum power-generating efficiency, and the payback period of the integrated
renewable energy/storage systems.