• Develop an understanding of physical, technological and economic factors that determine the design and use of renewable energy systems.

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LEARNING OUTCOMES

·         Develop an understanding of physical, technological and economic factors that determine the design and use of renewable energy systems.

·         Perform an initial system design and sizing for one (or more) renewable energy systems suitable for buildings. 

·         Perform an in-depth design and analysis of renewable energy generation systems.

·         Demonstrate the ability to present results in a structured written report.

·         Demonstrate the ability to carry out internet searches for up-to-date technical information on renewable technological solutions, products and pricing.

 THE BRIEF

Energy use in buildings accounts for almost 50% of UK CO₂ emissions. Renewable technologies properly integrated into buildings are designed to provide clean and high-grade energy, and reduce our dependence on fossil energy sources that contribute to climate change. Renewable energy development provides significant positive economic impacts and delivers deep cuts in CO₂ emissions.

 

1. This assignment is based on a real competition called ‘CIBSE Carbon 60 Competition’. The competition challenged entrants to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of the CIBSE headquarters building by 60%.

 

2. The following information is provided in the accompanied brief file:
1. Floor plans of the building marked up with usage areas and equipment,
2. Photographs of the headquarters building,
3. A site energy report carried out under the Action Energy scheme, which includes brief description of the following:

                                          i.    Current occupancy and schedules,

                                        ii.    Plant and controls,

                                       iii.    Operational settings.

 

3. The Action Energy site report on the headquarters building shows that a 33% cut in emissions could be achieved through a series of relatively straightforward measures, with a 1.5 year payback period. You are to assume that these improvements will be implemented in the building before your study is carried out.

 

4. The table below shows the breakdown of annual energy use and cost, and related carbon dioxide emissions of the CIBSE headquarters building before applying the energy efficiency measures. The energy consumption after applying the measures will provides the new baseline consumption, which can be enhanced by the addition of intermittent energy supplied by renewable sources.

 

 

5. You are asked to carry out a feasibility study of possible inclusion of renewable energy technologies into the CIBSE Headquarters building. For this you may use the help of RETScreen interactive software tool, which will allow you to investigate renewable energy strategies and explore different options in the design process for proposed CIBSE-buildings. RETScreen, provided free-of-charge, can be downloaded from: http://www.retscreen.net. However, other methods of analysis are equally accepted.

 

6. You are also asked to describe the design rules which the integrated renewable energy technology should follow to operate optimally and how the output of conventional energy system (gas and electricity from the grids) will need to be adjusted more often to cope with fluctuations in renewable energy output; which renewable power sources should be used, and why? Assume that you have power storage in this sustainable energy system (grid-connection or battery), how would design rules change then?

 

7.    For annual energy consumptions of the building, and using the hybrid (conventional and renewable) energy system design, determine:

a)    The suitable and maximum capacity of renewable energy technologies that can be incorporated into the building loads. Renewable energy installations commonly used for building applications include:

·         Photovoltaic solar system

·         Solar thermal system (flat plate or evacuated tube)

·         Wind turbine system

·         Biomass heating technology (biomass boiler)

b)    The annual energy production and savings that can be achieved with intelligent use and control of renewables and storage system,

c)    The annual energy cost with renewables, overall savings in primary energy use and CO₂ emissions,

d)    The optimum power-generating efficiency, and the payback period of the integrated renewable energy/storage systems.