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define FIU support?

01 / 10 / 2021 HRM

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There appears to be no answer to this question presently available. Our hopes are that this project will serve to provide the same. Without such a resolution, high level administrators, decision makers lack a key component in their decision-making process.It can be disputed whether fraternities have real value in enriching the lives of members, being of service in the community, enhancing the overall mission of the university or being a significant feature of campus life, no matter what has been claimed or questioned throughout the years by observers and/or its participants. This crisis has existed for quite some time; as early as 1845. During this time, college heads became concerned with regards to cultural norms of Greek life versus academic goals of institutions as voiced by the president of Amherst College who asked, Would it be desirable to have these societies cease in our colleges? (Rudolph, p. 145) This question was addressed more recently in a research article appearing in the NASPA (Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education) journal in 1990, in which author Gary D. Malaney conducted research on students attitudes toward fraternities and sororities at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, (Malaney, 1990) and again in 1996 in a compelling op-ed article, prompted by a rash of negative publicity, published in the prestigious educational publication The Chronicle of Higher Education, in which researchers George Kuh, Ernest Pascarella, and Henry Wechsler used widely cited research to critique Greek-letter organizations in The Questionable Value of Fraternities. That critique was damning and difficult to ignore. (Bidden, p. XV)Current research

What is the current state of research on Greek life since Kuh, Pascarella and Wechlsers

review more than twenty years ago? Where the research on fraternities was once focused on the misuse of alcohol, research and resulting criticisms have now moved far beyond this singular scope. As explained by Biddix (2016) in Moving Beyond Alcohol, research has expanded into controversies involving sex-related issues, drug use, hazing, and other areas such as gambling, academic dishonesty, campus civility, and false identification use. In terms of sex-related incidents, Biddix details the findings of a study in which sexual aggression among men and the chances of rape for women were tested. The results showed that sorority members were 74% more likely to experience rape than non-sorority- involved college women. The research suggested that the staggering statistic was a result of the increased interaction between fraternity members and sorority members.Other data within this same study addressed a lack of classroom civility displayed by fraternity

members, a higher pathologic gambling rate among members versus non-members,

and a higher rate of drug use. Biddix sums up his findings by saying: The argument against keeping fraternities on campus is strong, yet students continue to join and institutions continue to devote resources supporting them due to several factors, including institutional engagement, retention, and alumni giving. In other words, while disdain towards fraternities continues to increase, third party entities associated with institutions continue to provide support in all aspects. Research focusing on improved social skills and enhanced leadership opportunities within

the societies also abound. In Do Fraternities and Sororities Still Enhance Socially Responsible

Leadership? Evidence From the Fourth Year of College researchers Michael S. Hevel, Georgianna L. Martin & Ernest T. Pascarella details a series of findings on the supposed positive aspects of fraternities. The most prominent of these involves the ability to enhance socially responsible leadership among members. Hevel, Martin, and Pascarella (2014), on the other hand, worked to study these findings and to discredit the results through a different approach. They found that while fraternities provide leadership opportunities for new members, fourth-year fraternity members are no longer building leadership abilities. The question remains whether these clubs are successfully contributing to this outcome. Based on this matter, Hevel, Martin, and Pascarella (2014) had the following to say: The answer to our titular question- Do fraternities and sororities still enhance socially responsible leadership in the fourth year of college?is no.In the 2013 article published in Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education journal The

Influence of Fraternity and Sorority Involvement: A Critical Analysis of Research (1996-2013) the authors highlight other areas of research conducted on societies such as those conducted by psychosocial researchers focusing on topics like identity formation, body image, eating disorders, moral and ethical development and diversity issues. Our literature review also found fraternity-specific research addressing such points as critical thinking, reasoning skills, academic performance (in contrast to non-members), persistence, and graduation rates. (Biddex et al., 2013)Another scope of relevant inquiry touches on the significant positive impact of fraternity

membership on student retention. Numerous students seek to find a sense of belonging and acceptance on campus and Greek letter organizations offer established groups to meet these needs. The ability of a student to belong and connect with peers through these organizations aid the students to develop this sense of belonging and acceptance serving as a robust method of retaining students. (Skorton, 2011)Although there are abundant references to the many negative, a very small percentage focus on the attitudes of general undergraduate student populations, we were able to locate just two references in well-respected professional publications (one carried out solely utilizing students at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst – Malaney, 1990 – and one in the Chronicle of Higher Education Kuh et al., 1996). This is not to say that a larger body of such research does not exist. It may be that such a narrow focus, although of value to an institution, may not be considered to have broader implications beyond that single institution, hence, not be deemed suitable for wider distribution through publication. It may also be that institutions in possession of such data, choose not to disseminate it due to it containing information that, although useful, could create a somewhat negative impression of the institution and/or its students, adversely impacting alumni involvement, donor support and beyond.Since scholarly research does not seem to provide much in the way of data we are

looking for to support our study, since the population we are studying does not necessarily peruse such material, we felt compelled to explore options outside of the standard peer-reviewed process. So, where would students, both members and non-members alike, be informing themselves to help them form opinions and shape their attitudes regarding fraternities on American campuses? One can imply that the popular media coverage is the answer. When reviewing media/news coverage, we, too, find conflicting points of view. One side promotes the benefits of membership while the other, discourages it. A 2014 article appearing in Business Weekly, titled I Joined A Fraternity And It Was One Of The Best Decisions I Ever Made, stated on the authors perspective that the negative aspects of fraternity membership far outweighed the positive. In an era when the word outcomes has taken on monumental importance in the funding of higher education, most particularly public higher education, some of the absolute outcomes of fraternity membership appear to exceed the outcomes of unaffiliated students, with fraternity members exhibiting 20% higher graduation rates, higher GPAs, and so on. (Jacobs, 2014)In contrast, there has been a recent media blitz focusing on the negative aspects of college

affiliation life (deaths, hazing, racial bigotry, sexual assault by members, etc.). An illustrative example is a 41-minute report by Andrea Canning focusing on cases of alleged fraternity incidents throughout the country entitled, The College Fraternity Crisis, which aired on Sunday, June 3rd, 2018 – Dateline NBC. Clearly, there is a contrasting between knowledge that aims to support the posiative aspects of fraternity involvement and information that condemns the negative aspects. This conflicting data can come from the same research as found in the conclusion of the National Study of Student Learning where non-member students, fraternity members had higher levels of involvement and attainment in overall abilities, however, fraaternity/sorority amembership also has adverse implications on cognitive measures such as literacy, critical thinking and overall achievement as well as fraternities having adverse effects on members cognitive development (Pike, 2000).Without this bifurcation of information and opinion there would be no real need for studies

such as the one we propose. The answers would be obvious and would have been acted upon long ago.acceptance on campus and Greek letter organizations 



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