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he following are independent situations:(i)Bob is an audit assistant currently undertaking university studies. While auditing the books of Club Casino, he comes across certain financial information that he believes will assist him in completing one of his university assignments. He copies the information and uses it in his assignment, carefully removing all reference to Club Casino in order to preserve the client’s confidentiality. (ii)Wendy has been the engagement partner on the Ace Limited audit for a number of years. Some time ago, Ace’s long-standing company secretary retired and Ace took six months to find a replacement. At Ace’s request, Wendy performed company secretarial duties for this period of time. (iii)Leo is the eldest son of the factory foreman of one of your firm’s major audit clients, Precision Machinery Limited. During vacation work, L is assigned to the audit of Precision Machinery. Leo’s work comprised testing the internal controls of the cash payments system. (iv) Chan & Associates are auditors of Classic Reproductions Pty. Limited, a large furniture wholesaler currently experiencing financial difficulties. Classic Reproductions is a significant client of Chan & Associates and have not paid their audit fee for the past three years. The audit partner recently threatened to resign from the audit if the outstanding fees were not paid. To prevent this occurring, Classic Reproductions offered to supply Chan & Associates with new office furniture. The partner accepted this offer in full consideration of the outstanding fees, even though the furniture was only worth 50% of the balance. As a thankyou present, Classic Reproductions gave the partner a 25% shareholding in an unrelated listed company. At present these shares are worth $1,000. Chan & Associates do not act as auditors of this company. Required: a) Define actual and perceived independence, and explain the importance of each.b) For each of the above independent situations list any professional standards and regulatory requirements breached and discuss possible alternative courses of action the auditor should have taken in order to properly discharge their professional responsibilities. Question: Consider the following independent situations, all of which apply to audits of entities for the year ending 31 December 20X7: (i) Slipway Limited, a listed company, has been experiencing declining sales over the last 2 years. Cost cutting has proved difficult due to the high level of imported machinery used in Slipway’s operations and consequently margins have been falling. While the bankers are presently happy to continue providing Slipway with loan facilities, they do expect to see improved results in the next financial report. Articles about Slipway’s expected financial results appearing in recent press reports all had quite a pessimistic tone. (ii)Discount Foods Limited is a large supermarket chain with offices in all capital cities around Australia. Until 30 June 20X7 data processing relating to payroll transactions will be carried out in each capital city by an independent computer service bureau. (iii)Getaway Pty. Limited is a long established firm which has been operating a boutique hotel in the Blue Mountains for over 20 years. During this time, it has adopted a conservative business strategy that has seen it produce adequate, though slightly unimpressive, results. A new CEO has been appointed to run the firm from 1 September 20X7. He has already released his plans for renovating the hotel, despite not officially serving as CEO yet. You have also heard him discuss the implementation of a new marketing strategy to boost occupancy rates.
